Giáo án Tiếng Anh 12 - Bài 2: Urbanisation, Lesson 2: Language

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1. UNIT 2: URBANISATION LESSON 2: LANGUAGE I. VOCABULARY: EX.1: Look at the conversation in GETTING STARTED again. Match the words in the conversation with the appropriate definitions. 1. urbanization (n) a) the period of time when a country develops a 1b: sự đo thị hóa lot of industries on a wide scale 2. overload (v) b) a population shift from rural to urban areas 2e: quá tải 3. industrialization (n) c) stop paying attention 3a: sự (nền) công nghiệp hóa 4. agricultural (adj.) d) relating to the practice or science of farming 4d: thuộc nông nghiệp 5. switch off (v) e) give too much information, work or 5c: ngừng, thôi không chú ý nữa responsibility EX. 2: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in 1: 1. The impact of increased urbanization .. has been harmful to the environment and has led to the greenhouse gas emission. 2. Students can easily .overload .. their short-term memory with unnecessary information. 3. The lecture was two hours long and boring, so by the end of it, I completely switched off 4. Before the Industrial Revolution in England, the majority of the population were employed as ..agricultural. .. labourers. 5. The transformation of China into a modern economy started in 1950s through the process of industrialization . EX.3: Match a word on the left with a word from the right to make a compound adjective: weather wide weather-beaten: dãi dầu sương gió well beaten well-paid: trả lương cao long paid long-lasting: kéo dài year market year-round:quanh năm world round worldwide: trên toàn cầu down lasting downmarket:giá rẻ, bình dân COMPOUND ADJECTIVES: * A compound adjective is often made up of two or more words * Meaning: the meaning is usually clear from the words combined * Form: 1) adjective + present part.: long-lasting, easy –going, good-looking 2) adjective + past part.: kind-hearted, self-motivated, old-aged 3) adjective + noun: short-term, long-term 4) noun-past part.: weather-beaten 5) noun +present part. : time-saving, energy-saving 6) noun-noun: high-speed 7) noun- adjective: year-round, worldwide, interest-free 8) ill/ well + part. : well- done, well-prepared, ill-treated 9) poorly/ badly + past part. : badly-behaved, badly-dressed, poorly advised 10) numeral + noun: fifteen-minute, two-hour 11) ordinal + noun: second-hand, first-rate 12) others: up-to-date * Function: A compound adjective has the functions of an adjective - describing people: easy-going, good-looking - describing products/ services: long-lasting, time-saving, up-to-date - describing measurement: a tree-year-old building, a two-litre car, a four-hour meeting, a ten-stone man EX.4: Complete the text below with the compound adjectives given in the box. Long-term fast-growing weather-beaten well-paid up-to-date Many young people in rural areas don’t want to spend their lives on the farm like their (1)...weather-beaten............ parents. They understand that there are better (2)....long-term......... job prospects for them in the city. So they live their
2. home villages to find (3) ....well-paid....... jobs in the (4) .fast-growing.......... industrial zones. In the city, young people can have access to (5) .up-to-date........... facilities and technology. II. PRONUNCIATION: DIPHTHONGS * Definitions: A Diphthong is a sound made by combining two vowels into a single one. * The first part of a diphthong is much longer and stronger than the second part * 8 diphthongs: ɪə near, here, weary eə square. fair, various ʊə poor, jury, cure əʊ goat, show, no aʊ mouth, now eɪ face, day, break aɪ price, high, try ɔɪ choice, boy *Practice: III. GRAMMAR: THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN THAT-CLAUSES (Bàn thái cách) *Form of subjunctive: - base form of verb - should + base from of verb * Use: - to report advice, orders, requests, suggestions, ect. about things that need to be done. (dùng để tường thuật lại 1 lời khuyên, mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, đề nghị về những vieecj cần thực hiện) - used in formal context, especially in written English (dùng trong các ngữ cảnh trang trọng, thường là trong văn viết) e.g.: - I suggest that he move to the city for a better health care. - Is it essential that we be here to welcome them? - My teacher recommended that I come back to my home village after graduating from university. * Structures: The subjunctive is used in a that-clause after: 1) reporting verbs: advise, ask, command, demand, desire, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest e.g.: - His parents insisted that he (should) find a job and settle down in a big city. - My mother recommended that I (should) follow in my grandpa’s footsteps and become a teacher. 2) It + be+ adjective (best, crucial, essential, imperative, important, recommended, urgent, vital, ect.) e.g.: - It is important that the government (should)encourage more investment in rural areas. 3) It + be + expression (a good idea, a bad idea...) e.g.: It is a good idea that students (should) take part in extra activities. * The subjunctive can be used in negative, continuous and passive form e.g.: The government urged that people (should) not waste natural resources. It is crucial that patients not (should) be waiting for urgent operation. The government demanded that rural people (should) be allowed to live and look for jobs in big cities. EX. 1: Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. It is important that he (get) into a good university. 2. The teacher demanded that the classroom (clean) immediately. 3. My father insists that my brother (work) on the farm. 4. It is vital that people (allow) to choose where to live. 5. I requested that everyone in my class (attend) my presentation. 6. It is crucial that urban people (not look down on) rural people. EX. 2: Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Use the appropriate form. Tell return study obey search
3. 1. Her parents insisted that she study / should study hard for the GCSE exams. 2. It is essential that young people from rural areas be told / should be told the truth about city life. 3. It is imperative that all migrants obey / should obey the rules and regulations of the residential areas they move to. 4. The police demanded that the stolen money be returned / should be returned to the bank. 5. It is a good idea that the police search / should search / be searching / should be searching for the missing people.